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1994-05-02
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<text>
<title>
Romania: Government
</title>
<article><hdr>The World Factbook 1993: Romania
Government</hdr><body>
<list>
<l>Names:</l>
<l> conventional long form: none</l>
<l> conventional short form: Romania</l>
<l> local long form: none</l>
<l> local short form: Romania</l>
</list>
<p>Digraph: RO
</p>
<p>Type: republic
</p>
<p>Capital: Bucharest
</p>
<p>Administrative divisions: 40 counties (judete, singular -
judet) and 1 municipality* (municipiu); Alba, Arad, Arges,
Bacau, Bihor, Bistrita-Nasaud, Botosani, Braila, Brasov,
Bucuresti*, Buzau, Calarasi, Caras-Severin, Cluj, Constanta,
Covasna, Dimbovita, Dolj, Galati, Gorj, Giurgiu, Harghita,
Hunedoara, Ialomita, Iasi, Maramures, Mehedinti, Mures, Neamt,
Olt, Prahova, Salaj, Satu Mare, Sibiu, Suceava, Teleorman,
Timis, Tulcea, Vaslui, Vilcea, Vrancea
</p>
<p>Independence: 1881 (from Turkey; republic proclaimed 30
December 1947)
</p>
<p>Constitution: 8 December 1991
</p>
<p>Legal system: former mixture of civil law system and Communist
legal theory that increasingly reflected Romanian traditions is
being revised
</p>
<p>National holiday: National Day of Romania, 1 December (1990)
</p>
<p>Political parties and leaders: National Salvation Front (FSN),
Petre ROMAN; Democratic National Salvation Front (DNSF), Oliviu
GHERMAN; Magyar Democratic Union (UDMR), Geza DOMOKOS; National
Liberal Party (PNL), Mircea IONESCU-QUINTUS; National Peasants'
Christian and Democratic Party (PNTCD), Corneliu COPOSU; Romanian
National Unity Party (PUNR), Gheorghe FUNAR; Socialist Labor
Party (PSM), Ilie VERDET; Agrarian Democratic Party of Romania
(PDAR), Victor SURDU; The Democratic Convention (CDR), Emil
CONSTANTINESCU; Romania Mare Party (PRM), Corneliu Vadim TUDOR
</p>
<p>note: there are dozens of smaller parties; although the
Communist Party has ceased to exist, small proto-Communist
parties, notably the Socialist Labor Party, have been formed
</p>
<p>Other political or pressure groups: various human right and
professional associations
</p>
<p>Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
</p>
<p>Elections:
</p>
<p> President: last held 27 September 1992 - with runoff between
top two candidates on 11 October 1992 (next to be held NA 1998);
results - Ion ILIESCU 61.4%, Emil CONSTANTINESCU 38.6%
</p>
<p> Senate: last held 27 September 1992 (next to be held NA
1998); results - DFSN 27.5%, CDR 22.5%, FSN 11%, others 39%;
seats - (143 total) DFSN 49, CDR 34, FSN 18, PUNR 14, UDMR 12,
PRM 6, PDAR 5, PSM 5
</p>
<p> House of Deputies: last held 27 September 1992 (next to be
held NA 1998); results - DFSN 27.5%, CDR 22.5%, FSN 11%, others
38.5%; seats - (341 total) DFSN 117, CDR 82, FSN 43, PUNR 30,
UDMR 27, PRM 16, PSM 13, other 13
</p>
<p>Executive branch: president, prime minister, Council of
Ministers (cabinet)
</p>
<p>Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament consists of an upper
house or Senate (Senat) and a lower house or House of Deputies
(Adunarea Deputatilor)
</p>
<p>Judicial branch: Supreme Court of Justice, Constitutional
Court
</p>
<p>Leaders:
</p>
<p> Chief of State: President Ion ILIESCU (since 20 June 1990,
previously President of Provisional Council of National Unity
since 23 December 1989)
</p>
<p> Head of Government: Prime Minister Nicolae VACAROIU (since
November 1992)
</p>
<p>Member of: BIS, BSEC, CCC, CSCE, EBRD, ECE, FAO, G-9, G-77,
GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT,
INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, LORCS, NACC, NAM
(guest), NSG, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UPU, WHO,
WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
</p>
<list>
<l>Diplomatic representation in US:</l>
<l> chief of mission: Ambassador Aurel-Dragos MUNTEANU</l>
<l> chancery: 1607 23rd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008</l>
<l> telephone: (202) 232-4747, 6634, 5693</l>
<l> FAX: (202) 232-4748</l>
</list>
<list>
<l>US diplomatic representation:</l>
<l> chief of mission: Ambassador John R. DAVIS, Jr.</l>
<l> embassy: Strada Tudor Arghezi 7-9, Bucharest</l>
<l> mailing address: AmConGen (Buch), Unit 25402, APO AE
09213-5260</l>
<l> telephone: [40] (0) 10-40-40</l>
<l> FAX: [40] (0) 12-03-95</l>
</list>
<p>Flag: three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow,
and red; the national coat of arms that used to be centered in
the yellow band has been removed; now similar to the flags of
Andorra and Chad
</p></body></article></text>